I’ve cloned your code and I was only partly correct (which means I was partly wrong and sorry about that), apparently your singletons actually are singleton. Dagger-Android magic! However, you really are using @Provides even for things that have a @Inject constructor, and you either don’t need the provides, or you don’t need the inject on the constructor. Also, what I said about using @Inject directly with an AAC ViewModel does have unintended effects.